MTTC Integrated Science (Secondary) (094) Practice Test

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• Auxins - occur naturally, can be synthesized, affect plant cell elongation, apical dominance and rooting. Which hormone primarily promotes cell elongation and apical dominance?
• What happens when a pollen grain fertilizes an ovule?
• Polygenic inheritance involves?
• Which process engulfs large particles by the cell membrane (endocytosis)?
• Which scientists proposed the double helix structure of DNA and helped explain replication?
• What is the partially lighted area around the umbra called?
• What is the primary function of nerve cells?
• The Permian extinction is best described as which of the following?
• Which statement about purine bases is true?
• Which of the following best defines a hypothesis?
• Phylogenetic means organisms related by evolutionary history.
• Which gas accounts for about 1% of Earth's atmosphere?
• What does the electron transport chain accomplish in cellular respiration?
• Which structure provides protection from disease, insects and water for the seed?
• Gibberellins are primarily known for regulating which aspect of plant growth?
• Which embryonic stage is a ball-like mass of 16-32 cells produced by mitotic divisions of the zygote?
• Okazaki fragments are short DNA segments on which strand that are later joined?
• Which biome is typical of high latitudes?
• Purine bases end with which suffix?
• Which concept describes sudden changes due to catastrophic events, as proposed by Georges Cuvier?
• Describe Earth's formation.
• Which pairing correctly matches the SI unit to the quantity it measures?
• Which statement best describes incomplete dominance?
• Which statement describes viruses?
• Which is the correct order of spectral types from hottest to coolest?
• Which Moon phase rises and sets with the Sun?
• The astronomical unit (AU) is approximately how many kilometers?
• Which item is a simple fruit formed from one ovary?
• The Krebs cycle includes reactions that release carbon dioxide.
• What does the law of superposition state?
• Which term describes an educated guess that is not yet proven?
• What best defines a scientific theory?
• Which description matches the Embden-Meyerhof pathway?
• Cambium tissue in stems promotes secondary growth. What kind of growth does the cambium enable?
• Chemiosmosis is primarily responsible for what cellular process?
• Phenotype is:
• In plant alternation of generations, which processes alternate?
• What is a nucleoside?
• In the five-kingdom human classification, what is the order?
• Under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, allele frequencies stay constant if there is no mutation, the population is large, mating is random, there is no migration, and no natural selection. Which option reflects these conditions?
• Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands secrete fluid into
• What is the term for rock from space before it hits the Earth's atmosphere?
• What is the general term for growth in response to a stimulus in plants?
• In protostome development, which structure forms the mouth?
• The cell cycle includes which processes?
• Which item is a step in the Scientific Method that often follows drawing conclusions?
• Which National Science Education Standards focuses on understanding how we know what we know in science?
• They flower when daylight hours are long.
• Which theories are proposed explanations for the origin of Earth's water?
• Which statement about pyrimidine bases is true?
• Which statement correctly describes base pairing in DNA?
• In deuterostomes, which structure forms from the blastopore?
• Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen.
• The sidereal day is about 4 minutes shorter than a solar day.
• An allele is:
• Which statement defines a scientific law?
• Nodes are areas where leaves develop.
• Pleiotropy refers to?
• Polymorphism refers to
• Which era began after the Permian extinction?
• What term describes how plants are affected by the length of daylight, influencing flowering and other seasonal processes?
• In the five-kingdom classification, what is the order of taxonomic ranks from broadest to most specific as represented by the mnemonic 'King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup'?
• Which phylum is an example of protostomes with mouths forming from the blastopore?
• Adaptive radiation is best described as what?
• Translocation is defined as:
• Which characteristic is commonly cited as evidence for the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?
• In a dihybrid cross, what is the typical genotype ratio?
• Thigmotropism is a plant's response to what?
• Systolic blood flow refers to the phase when the heart muscle contracts and
• In the five-kingdom human classification, what is the genus?
• Capillary action in water is enabled by which property?
• What is the dark inner region of a shadow during an eclipse called?
• RNA synthesis during transcription proceeds in which direction?
• What is phototropism?
• Which statement best describes punctuated equilibrium?
• Germination is the process of
• The primary purpose of respiration in plants is to metabolize sugar for energy.
• Red blood cells (RBC) have what primary function?
• What are the three components of a nucleotide?
• Antiparallel orientation in DNA refers to what characteristic of the two strands during replication?
• Which four macromolecules are produced by anabolic reactions?
• Spermatophytes include plants that use seeds to reproduce; gymnosperms and angiosperms are included.
• Which hormone is primarily associated with fruit ripening?
• In the mnemonic 'My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas', which planet is the fourth word?
• Bisexual flowering plants have all parts on one flower.
• Which meristem tissue in stems promotes secondary growth, increasing girth?
• Self-fertilization occurs in species that have both male and female reproductive parts within the same individual.
• Where are new cells formed through mitosis and growth occurs?
• A monohybrid cross involves one trait and typically yields which phenotypic ratio for a single-gene trait?
• Parthenogenesis is best described as virgin birth, where eggs develop without fertilization.
• Which statement about facilitated diffusion is true?
• Which term describes the count and appearance of chromosomes in a cell?
• Which of the following is a biome typically associated with high-latitude regions?
• Which experiment demonstrated abiotic synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic precursors?
• What does catastrophism refer to in geology?
• Islets of Langerhans are part of which gland type?
• Which type of evolution is described as two species that start out different and evolve to share similar traits?
• Dark matter is best described as which of the following?
• Locus is:
• Which of the following is a seed component that becomes the new plant?
• Cardiac muscle cells are best described as:
• A parsec is used for measuring large distances and equals about how many light-years?
• Which blood component is primarily involved in clotting?
• What is an equinox?
• Dendrites primarily function to
• In the five-kingdom classification, Mammalia corresponds to which taxonomic rank?
• Which term describes growing new plants from existing plant parts?
• The sidereal day is the time required for Earth to rotate once relative to distant stars. How long is this sidereal day approximately?
• What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
• Nerve cells transmit impulses through which parts of the nervous system?
• Allopatric speciation occurs due to what factor?
• Which scientist independently developed a theory of evolution and believed in transmutation of species (one develops into another)?
• Aphelion is defined as the point in a planet's orbit that is
• A parsec is defined as the distance at which one astronomical unit subtends one arcsecond; approximately how many light-years is a parsec?
• Plagiotropic growth refers to growth at right angles to the main axis, often producing what?
• Dioecious flowering plants are
• Which of the following best describes the characteristics of the animal kingdom?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the 11 organ systems in the material?
• Founder's effect is best illustrated by which scenario?
• Which characteristic is associated with Phylum Chordata in the source material?
• Which statement best defines fermentation in cellular metabolism?
• Which item is a model used to explain something on a smaller scale?
• A comet is described as:
• Regression analysis is best described as which of the following?
• Epistasis means?
• Perihelion refers to the point in Earth's orbit that is
• Co-dominance is best described as?
• Anabolic reactions are best described as which of the following?
• What is the approximate composition of Earth's atmosphere?
• Transpiration rate is influenced by which set of factors?
• When did the Cenozoic era begin?
• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is best described as which type of RNA?
• Approximately how many animal species exist, and how many major divisions are recognized?
• Which organ system includes the skin?
• Which statement best describes the Krebs cycle?
• What regulates gas exchange in leaves and opens in light?
• Which statement about random errors in data is true?
• What do banded iron formations indicate about early Earth’s oceans?
• Which glycolytic pathway yields two ATP and two NADH per glucose?
• Full Moon rises at sunset and sets at sunrise.
• Which type of fruit is produced when many flowers on a single structure develop into a single fruit, as seen in figs and pineapple?
• Which is the male part of a flower?
• Uniformitarianism is also known as what?
• The Pleistocene ice age began about 2.58 million years ago during which era?
• DNA replication begins with the separation of base pairs that have only two hydrogen bonds. Which base pairing is this?
• During embryonic development, which stage is a hollow ball-like structure that typically attaches to the side of the uterus?
• Which statement about systematic errors is true?
• How is molecular oxygen proposed to have first appeared in Earth's atmosphere?
• What is the streak of light from a meteoroid called?
• Which of the following is an example of a protostome phylum where the mouth forms from the blastopore?
• What is the function of the E site in translation?
• Apical meristems are located at the tips of roots and shoots.
• Approximately what percentage of animal species are invertebrates?
• Pteridophytes are plants that use spores to reproduce and require water.
• In DNA replication, which term describes the region of DNA that is unwound to serve as the template for replication?
• During DNA replication, which enzyme removes RNA primers?
• 1 AU equals about how many kilometers?
• In semiconservative DNA replication, what is true about the two replicated DNA molecules?
• Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate with net production of ATP and NADH in which cellular compartment?
• Which method did Linnaeus create for classifying living organisms?
• Which tissue transports food downward in plants?
• Which scientist is associated with the idea that organisms become more complex as they move up a ladder of progress?
• Which scientist contributed the X-ray diffraction image that helped Watson and Crick develop the DNA double helix model?
• Which statement best identifies the strand that is synthesized continuously toward the replication fork during DNA replication?
• Which genetic mechanism did McClintock demonstrate in maize?
• Who is known as the father of genetics and studied inherited traits using pea plants?
• Which tissue type binds, supports, protects, stores fat, and fills space, and can be loose or fibrous?
• Which term is defined as an explanation of events that always leads to the same outcome?
• Which are the four basic building blocks for catabolic reactions?
• What happens when a stop codon is encountered during translation?
• What does gradualism propose about the pace of evolutionary change?
• Which statement about skeletal muscle nuclei is correct?
• Which biome is commonly found in mid-latitude regions with distinct seasons?
• Georges Cuvier contributed to science by?
• What describes absolute dating?
• Which statement about the gametophyte generation is correct?
• Which statistic describes dispersion and how far data are from the mean?
• Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
• Smooth muscle is characterized by which features?
• The mean is another term for which concept?
• Codons in the genetic code specify how many amino acids?
• Genetic drift refers to what kind of changes in allele frequencies?
• What characterizes the Cambrian Explosion?
• In Phylum Chordata, the thoracic cavity houses which organs?
• What is the middle value of an ordered data set called?
• Radioactive dating uses which concept to determine age?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a step in the Scientific Method as described?
• When preparing an acid solution, what is the recommended order of mixing water and acid?
• Which Moon phase rises at noon and sets at midnight?
• Which of the following is NOT a planet?
• Which event is believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs around 65 million years ago?
• In deuterostomes, the anus forms from the blastopore. Which phyla are deuterostomes as listed?
• Lenticels are pores in branches that allow gas exchange.
• Diastolic blood flow refers to the phase when the heart relaxes and blood flows back into the heart.
• In the terminology of tRNA binding sites, which site is designated as the start codon?
• Which structure of a nerve cell is primarily responsible for transmitting impulses away from the cell body?
• Dendrites extend from the cell body and are primarily involved in receiving messages.
• Dark matter is a theoretical form of matter proposed to explain what phenomenon?
• Platelets are best described as?
• Luminosity class indicators use Roman numerals; which class indicates a supergiant?
• In spectral classification, stars are ordered from hottest to coolest, blue to red.
• A bottleneck event leads to which genetic consequence?
• Which scientist developed a hierarchical system for classifying living organisms?
• Photosynthesis is defined as using sunlight to make food.
• Which statement best describes skeletal muscle?
• Which of the following is not a component of a nucleotide?
• What feature of DNA enables replication?
• Which statement best describes Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?
• Which statement is true about simple fruits?
• Which SI unit measures electric current?
• In Gram staining, which color indicates Gram-positive bacteria?
• Approximately what percentage of Earth's water is not in the oceans?
• Which National Science Education Standards emphasizes developing independent inquirers about the natural world?
• Which Moon phase rises at midnight and sets at noon?
• Which National Science Education Standard emphasizes understanding the nature of science?
• In geotropic growth, which statement correctly describes positive and negative geotropism?
• Which statement about myelination in the peripheral nervous system is true?
• Cytokinins are mainly involved in which process?
• Which SI unit measures thermodynamic temperature?
• Which tissue carries water and nutrients upward from the roots?
• Which concept explains evolution by differential survival and reproduction?
• A light-year is the distance light travels in one year. Which option correctly describes this distance?
• What is Pangaea?
• According to the law of superposition, which statement is true?
• Monocot seed generally has how many cotyledons?
• Which statement best describes water's heat capacity?
• Which term correctly describes the dominant multicellular stage in fungi, green algae, and many protozoa?
• A characteristic of vascular plants is that they have true roots, stems, leaves, and xylem.
• Abscisic acid generally acts to
• A solstice is defined as which of the following?
• Which part of a neuron transmits an impulse to another cell?
• Islets of Langerhans are endocrine clusters in the pancreas that secrete which hormones?
• According to Mendel's Law of Segregation, how are alleles contributed to offspring?
• Vertebrata corresponds to which taxonomic rank?
• Which statement best describes glycolysis?
• Active transport in cells that expels large particles from the cell is which process?
• During replication, which enzyme seals Okazaki fragments by joining them to form a continuous strand?
• Incomplete dominance is illustrated by pink flowers in crosses between red and white. Which statement correctly describes this concept?
• What are the three types of muscle tissue?
• In the data set {2, 2, 3, 5, 9}, which statistic is the mode?
• Which statement correctly explains why ice floats on liquid water?
• Catabolic reactions are best described as which of the following?
• A gene is defined as:
• Aggregate fruits are produced from many ovaries on one flower. Which option lists the correct type of formation?
• Reduction is defined as which of the following?
• During pollination, after pollen lands on the stigma, what happens next?
• What is the function of helicase during DNA replication?
• What is the start codon used to initiate translation in mRNA?
• Which biome is typically found in temperate regions with distinct seasons?
• Which pathway yields one ATP and two NADPH per glucose, along with pyruvate production?
• Which reservoir contains the majority of Earth's liquid surface water?
• Insects comprise about what fraction of all animal species?
• Which pathway is described as glycolysis that produces one ATP, two NADPH, and two pyruvate per glucose?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the five kingdoms?
• During which season is the Northern Hemisphere tilted toward the Sun?
• Osmosis is the movement of which substance across a selectively permeable membrane?
• Order of the Sun's internal structure from the center outward.
• What fraction of Earth's water is found in oceans?
• What does the endosymbiotic theory propose?
• What is stratigraphy?
• Endosperm is:
• What best defines a dihybrid cross?
• What tool did Leeuwenhoek famously use to observe microorganisms?
• Which scientists are credited with discovering the structure of DNA double helix and helping explain how DNA replicates?
• What describes a scientific fact?
• Which statement best describes how axial tilt affects seasons?
• Which set lists the tRNA binding sites on the ribosome?
• Which statement describes a comet's tail?
• What is the primary use of a graticule on a microscope slide?
• The female part of a flower consists of the pistil, which includes the stigma, style, and ovary.
• Oligonucleotides are formed by linking the phosphate groups of individual nucleotides. This is an example of which type of polymer?
• In embryonic development, which stage is formed by the fusion of two gametes?
• Which statement best distinguishes genotype from phenotype?
• Which statement best describes what standard deviation indicates about a data set?
• What is the difference between the highest and lowest numbers in a data set called?
• Monoecious flowering plants are
• Which tissue type lines body surfaces and cavities and lacks blood vessels?
• Which term is another name for uniformitarianism?
• During fragmentation, an organism breaks into pieces after maturation. Approximately how many pieces can the organism fragment into in some species?
• Karyotype is?
• A codon is composed of how many nucleotides?
• Bryophyta includes mosses and liverworts. It is best described as being nonvascular.
• Which statement best describes passive transport?
• Which scientist was the first to observe single-celled organisms with a homemade magnifying glass, observing bacteria, yeast, plants and other microscopic organisms?
• Which SI unit measures luminous intensity?
• Oxidation involves which of the following in terms of electrons?
• During the gametophyte generation, haploid cells undergo mitosis to produce gametes.
• What distinguishes absolute dating from relative dating?
• Which is the primary role of lenticels in woody stems?
• Which sequence is a stop codon?
• Mass extinction refers to which scenario?
• Which molecule carries amino acids to the corresponding codons on the mRNA strand during translation?
• Approximately how many insect species have been described, and what fraction of the animal kingdom do insects represent?
• Heterotrophic is defined as what?
• Which era is known as the Age of the Dinosaurs?
• Which form of asexual reproduction involves offspring that begin as a growth on the parent's body?
• Which scientist is credited with creating the first genetic map for maize and demonstrating recombination and the role of transposition in trait changes?
• In the five-kingdom human classification, what is the family?
• Which term is the value that appears most frequently in a data set?